Dyslexia
Dyslexia is defined as "a learning disorder characterized by difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words" (Dyslexia: Mayo Foundation, 2015). Under the IDEA (2004), it states, "(10) Specific learning disability. (i) General. Specific learning disability means a disorder in one of more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations, including conditions such as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia."
Stimulation:
Here is a passage from WebAIM that gives a great stimulation of what a student with dyslexia may see when they are reading text and trying to answer questions from it.
"Mound a text-ouly sight bee ideale for soweoue mith a reabing disorber? Harblee. Iwages are uot dab for accessabilledea. They actnally iucreese cowqreheusiou aub msadilite for wost anbieuces.
Mhat wauy qeople bo uot kuom, throngh, it thier is much mor at the accessability for au iwage theu just its alt text. Sowe qeople mrougly assnwe that iwagesare dab for accessedilite, siuce alt text esseutially reqlaces the iwage mith a text-ouly veriou of that iwage.
By Panl Bohwau"
1. Why are images good for web accessibility?
2. Who would be negatively impacted by a text-only site?
Could you answer the questions above? This is how the mind of an individual with dyslexia might processes letters and words (Dyslexia Simulation: WebAIM, 2003).
Here are some short videos. The first is another example of what an individual with dyslexia may see on a page in a book. The second video is of a boy, Elliott, who has dyslexia.
"Mound a text-ouly sight bee ideale for soweoue mith a reabing disorber? Harblee. Iwages are uot dab for accessabilledea. They actnally iucreese cowqreheusiou aub msadilite for wost anbieuces.
Mhat wauy qeople bo uot kuom, throngh, it thier is much mor at the accessability for au iwage theu just its alt text. Sowe qeople mrougly assnwe that iwagesare dab for accessedilite, siuce alt text esseutially reqlaces the iwage mith a text-ouly veriou of that iwage.
By Panl Bohwau"
1. Why are images good for web accessibility?
2. Who would be negatively impacted by a text-only site?
Could you answer the questions above? This is how the mind of an individual with dyslexia might processes letters and words (Dyslexia Simulation: WebAIM, 2003).
Here are some short videos. The first is another example of what an individual with dyslexia may see on a page in a book. The second video is of a boy, Elliott, who has dyslexia.
(What is it Like to Have Dyslexia? Animations & Illustrations, 2008)
Statistics:
Scenarios:1.A student in your classroom is dyslexic. You can see that he is very frustrated from the lesson because he cannot follow along. The next day, you decide to spend 5-10 minutes with him prior to the lesson. You bring pictures and examples of the lesson that is going to be taught and ask him engaging prior knowledge questions to see if he can connect to it. You discuss with him the objective of the lesson and allow him to ask any questions that he may have before it starts.
2.You feel a student in your classroom may be eligible for dyslexia. During Reader’s Theatre, you can see that she is nervous, frustrated, and embarrassed. You decide to pull her from that group and have her work on her own. You allow her to choose her favorite book and to practice until she feels comfortable. Then, she will record her reading her book on the iPad. Instead of presenting in front of the whole class, she will show the clip of her book instead. Adaptations:1. The teacher will provide the directions and schedules orally and with visual aids (Accommodation).
2. The teacher will use a recorder or audio tape and allow the student to use it during instruction (Accommodation). 3. The teacher will pre-teach some new and important concepts to the student so they will be able to follow along with ease (Accommodation). 4. The teacher will read the questions on the test to the student rather than have the student read it (Accommodation). 5. While the rest of the class is working on cursive, this student will be willing to an audio tape and following along in the book (Accommodation). 6. For the standard of writing a persuasive letter, the student will be able to orally respond instead (Modification). 7. For the standard of writing narratives, the student will be able allowed to make a video including all of the same details and components (Accommodation). |
(De Neve, E., 2010)
Causes:Dyslexia is an inherited condition and tends to run in families. It has been linked to certain genes related to brain development. The traits affect parts of the brain dealing with language and converting written letters and words into speech.
(Dyslexia Brain Diagram, 2012)
Symptoms:Dyslexia is difficult to recognize at an early age, but there are some early clues that may indicate a problem, such as:
Prior to School:
School Age:
Did you know?Many famous actors and actresses have dyslexia, including: Orlando Bloom, Tom Cruise, Whoopi Goldberg, Stephen Spielbergn Kiera Knightley, Albert Einstein, and Patrick Dempsey.
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Parent Resources:
International Dyslexia Association. (2015). Retrieved from: http://eida.org/
Hall, S. & Moats, L. Parenting a Struggling Reader. Broadway Books: 2002.
Hall, S. & Moats, L. Straight Talk About Reading. Contemporary Books: 1999.
Kids Like Us: Supporting Your Dyslexic Child. (2013). Retrieved from: http://www.kidslikeus.org.au/index.php/parents-section-kids-like-us/supporting-your-dyslexic-child
National Center for Learning Disabilities. (2015). Retrieved from: http://www.ncld.org/
Vail, P. & Vail, P. Smart Kids with School Problems: Things to Know and Ways to Help. Plume: 1989.
Hall, S. & Moats, L. Parenting a Struggling Reader. Broadway Books: 2002.
Hall, S. & Moats, L. Straight Talk About Reading. Contemporary Books: 1999.
Kids Like Us: Supporting Your Dyslexic Child. (2013). Retrieved from: http://www.kidslikeus.org.au/index.php/parents-section-kids-like-us/supporting-your-dyslexic-child
National Center for Learning Disabilities. (2015). Retrieved from: http://www.ncld.org/
Vail, P. & Vail, P. Smart Kids with School Problems: Things to Know and Ways to Help. Plume: 1989.
Children's Books:
Levine, M. All Kinds of Minds: A Young Student's Book About Learning Abilities and Learning Disorders. Education Publishing Services, Inc.: 1987.
This book has five short stories, each one including a child with a different type of learning disability.
Janover, C. & Epstein, E. Josh: A Boy With Dyslexia. Waterfront Books: 1995.
This book is about a boy with dyslexia. He moves to a new town and struggles in the school and the students.
Polacco, P. Thank You, Mr. Falker. Putnam Publishing Group: 1998.
This book is based on the real-life experience of the author. The main character starts the fifth-grade is new to the school and her teacher realizes that she cannot read.
This book has five short stories, each one including a child with a different type of learning disability.
Janover, C. & Epstein, E. Josh: A Boy With Dyslexia. Waterfront Books: 1995.
This book is about a boy with dyslexia. He moves to a new town and struggles in the school and the students.
Polacco, P. Thank You, Mr. Falker. Putnam Publishing Group: 1998.
This book is based on the real-life experience of the author. The main character starts the fifth-grade is new to the school and her teacher realizes that she cannot read.
Webpage Resources:
De Neve, E. (2010, May 29). Dyslexia: The World the Way I See It. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhygmurIgG0
Dyslexia Brain Diagram: H.O.P.E. Research Center. (2012). Retrieved from
http://www.hoperesourcecentre.com/dyslexia-brain-diagram/
Dyslexia: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dyslexia/basics/definition/con-20021904
Dyslexia Simulation: WebAIM. (2003). Retrieved from http://webaim.org/simulations/dyslexia-sim.htm
IDEA: Building the Legacy. (2004) Retrieved from http://idea.ed.gov/explore/view/p/,root,regs,300,A,300%252E8,c,
International Dyslexia Association. (2015). Retrieved from: http://eida.org/
Hall, S. & Moats, L. Parenting a Struggling Reader. Broadway Books: 2002.
Hall, S. & Moats, L. Straight Talk About Reading. Contemporary Books: 1999.
Kids Like Us: Supporting Your Dyslexic Child. (2013). Retrieved from: http://www.kidslikeus.org.au/index.php/parents-section-kids-like-us/supporting-your-dyslexic-child
National Center for Learning Disabilities. (2015). Retrieved from: http://www.ncld.org/
Statistics: Dyslexia Center of Utah. (2015). Retrieved from: http://dyslexiacenterofutah.org/dyslexia/statistics/
Vail, P. & Vail, P. Smart Kids with School Problems: Things to Know and Ways to Help. Plume: 1989.
What is it Like to Have Dyslexia? Animations & Illustrations. (2008, June 23). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwZLFTW4OGY
By: Sarah Fischenich
Dyslexia Brain Diagram: H.O.P.E. Research Center. (2012). Retrieved from
http://www.hoperesourcecentre.com/dyslexia-brain-diagram/
Dyslexia: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dyslexia/basics/definition/con-20021904
Dyslexia Simulation: WebAIM. (2003). Retrieved from http://webaim.org/simulations/dyslexia-sim.htm
IDEA: Building the Legacy. (2004) Retrieved from http://idea.ed.gov/explore/view/p/,root,regs,300,A,300%252E8,c,
International Dyslexia Association. (2015). Retrieved from: http://eida.org/
Hall, S. & Moats, L. Parenting a Struggling Reader. Broadway Books: 2002.
Hall, S. & Moats, L. Straight Talk About Reading. Contemporary Books: 1999.
Kids Like Us: Supporting Your Dyslexic Child. (2013). Retrieved from: http://www.kidslikeus.org.au/index.php/parents-section-kids-like-us/supporting-your-dyslexic-child
National Center for Learning Disabilities. (2015). Retrieved from: http://www.ncld.org/
Statistics: Dyslexia Center of Utah. (2015). Retrieved from: http://dyslexiacenterofutah.org/dyslexia/statistics/
Vail, P. & Vail, P. Smart Kids with School Problems: Things to Know and Ways to Help. Plume: 1989.
What is it Like to Have Dyslexia? Animations & Illustrations. (2008, June 23). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwZLFTW4OGY
By: Sarah Fischenich