Down Syndrome
Definition:
"Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in extra genetic material from chromosome 21. This genetic disorder, which varies in severity, causes lifelong intellectual disability and developmental delays, and in some people it causes health problems. Down syndrome is the most common genetic chromosomal disorder and cause of learning disabilities in children. Better understanding of Down syndrome and early interventions can greatly increase the quality of life for children and adults with this disorder and help them live fulfilling lives." (Down Syndrome, 2015)
Facts and Statistics:
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(K/1st Grade Child with Down Syndrome, 2012)
(Tevlin, 2015)
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Current News Story About a Child Born with Down Syndrome:
(Father Forced to Choose Between Wife and Newborn with Down Syndrome as Mom Abandons Baby, 2015)
Causes: |
Characteristics: |
A baby born with Down Syndrome is born with 47 chromosomes instead of 46. There is no clear indication of what causes a baby to be born with the extra chromosome. As of now, there is no way to prevent the chromosomal error in pregnancies. (Gavin, 2012)
Diagnosis:While a woman is pregnant they can get a screening test (can indicate the likelihood that the mother is carrying a child with Down Syndrome) or a diagnostic test (can identify if your baby has Down Syndrome). Screening tests cannot identify if your baby has Down Syndrome, but they can help make decisions about conducting other tests. Three types of screening test are: the first semester combined test, the integrated screening test, and the cell-free fetal DNA analysis.
The first trimester combined test The first trimester combined test is done in two parts blood test and ultrasound. The blood test measures plasma protein A and human chorionic gonadotropin. If there is abnormal levels of these two it many indicate a problem with the baby. A ultrasound is used to measure an area on the back of the baby's neck. When there is an abnormality present there will be more of a collect of fluid than usual. This is known as a nuchal translucency screening test. Your health care provider will use your age and the result of these two tests to determine to likelihood your having a baby with Down Syndrome. Integrated screening test This test is done in two parts during the first and second trimesters. Your health care provider will take the result from the combined tests to estimate the risk that your baby has Down Syndrome. These test have a higher accuracy rate than the other tests, meaning fewer woman are incorrectly identified as carrying a baby with Down Syndrome. Cell-free fetal DNA analysis This test tests the mother's blood for fetal DNA circulating. This test is usually used for woman how have a higher risk of having a baby with Down Syndrome or if one of the previous tests show the mother may be carrying a child with Down Syndrome. Diagnostic Tests for Newborns Once a baby is born the diagnosis is often based on the baby's appearance. However, sometimes the feature associated with Down Syndrome can be found in babies without Down Syndrome. This means that your health care provider will order a test called a chromosomal karyotype. This test will analyze your newborn's chromosomes. This test will determine if there is an extra chromosome 21 present in all cells or some cells. If there is an extra chromosome 21 present your newborn child has Down Syndrome. (Down Syndrome, 2015) |
Physical Characteristics:
Physical development in children with Down Syndrome is ofter slower than development of children without Down Syndrome
Intellectual and Developmental Characteristics:
(What are common symptoms of Down syndrome?, 2014) |
Adaptations:
Accommodations
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Modifications
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(Supporting the Student with Down Syndrome in your Classroom, 2010)
Three Different Types of Down Syndrome:
Trisomy 21 (Nondisjunction): In 95% of the cases, Down Syndrome is caused by an error in cell division known as nondisjunction. Nondisjunction occurs when an embryo has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two. Prior to or at conception a pair of the 21st chromosomes fails to separate in either the sperm or the egg. As a result the extra chromosome is replicated in every cell of the body as the embryo develops.
Mosaicism: In about 1% of the cases Down Syndrome is caused when nondisjunction of chromosome 21 takes place in at least one, but not all, of the initial cell divisions. This means there is a mixture of two different types of cells, some containing 46 chromosomes and others containing 47.
Translocation: In about 4% of the cases of Down Syndrome part of chromosome 21 breaks off during cell division and attaches to another chromosome. In most cases it attaches to chromosome 14. This means that there is still 46 chromosomes in the body, but the presence of an extra part of chromosome 21 causes the characteristics of Down Syndrome.
(National Down Syndrome Society, 2012)
Scenarios:
1. One of the students in your classroom has Down Syndrome and they have a speech delay. One of the coming projects is a presentation where the students go in from of the class and have to present on a state they researched. For this student I will allow them to either prerecord their voice into a presentation or they can type or have help typing what they want said and it will speak for them throughout the presentation.
2. The students are completing a homework assignment that requires them to complete 30 problems. For the student who has Down Syndrome they will only be require to complete the odd or even problems.
2. The students are completing a homework assignment that requires them to complete 30 problems. For the student who has Down Syndrome they will only be require to complete the odd or even problems.
(DON'T LIMIT ME!"- Powerful message from Megan with Down Syndrome, 2013)
Resources for Families:
http://www.ndss.org/Resources/
This website is the national down syndrome society. On this website you will find a a tab for a bunch of resources for families. Some of those resources are for new and expecting parents, a 24/7 hotline, and resources that can be used. This website os a great support for the families. (National Down Syndrome Society, 2012)
http://downsyndromepregnancy.org/articles/
This website offers serval online articles for families to read that are related to having a child with Down Syndrome. This website also lists different books that the families can read to learn more about having a child with Down Syndrome. (Down Syndrome Pregnancy, 2015)
http://www.dsamn.org
This is a great support center for families with a child who has Down Syndrome living in Minnesota. This website has different programs available in Minnesota for these families. (Down Syndrome Association of Minnesota, 2015)
http://www.ndsccenter.org
This website is a great website for families to go to for resources and information about Down Syndrome. It has information for new and expecting parents, as well as information for once the child is born. (National Down Syndrome Congress - NDSC promote the interests of people with Down syndrome and their families through advocacy, public awareness, and information dissemination on all aspects of Down syndrome, 2013)
http://theidsc.org
This website has many resources for families to refer to when looking for information about Down Syndrome. It also list events that can be attended that are related to Down Syndrome.
(International Down Syndrome Coalition: HOME., 2015)
Children's Books:
My friend has Down Syndrome-by: Jennifer Moore-Mallinos
Our Brother has Down's Syndrome: An Introduction for Children-by: Shelley Cairo
Fasten Your Seatbelt: A Crash Course on Down Syndrome for Brothers and Sisters-by: Brian Skotko and Susan P. Levine
Gifts 2: How People with Down Syndrome Enrich the World-by: Woodbine House
In My World: Down Syndrome-by: Tiziana Vazquez and Gabriella Llano
This website is the national down syndrome society. On this website you will find a a tab for a bunch of resources for families. Some of those resources are for new and expecting parents, a 24/7 hotline, and resources that can be used. This website os a great support for the families. (National Down Syndrome Society, 2012)
http://downsyndromepregnancy.org/articles/
This website offers serval online articles for families to read that are related to having a child with Down Syndrome. This website also lists different books that the families can read to learn more about having a child with Down Syndrome. (Down Syndrome Pregnancy, 2015)
http://www.dsamn.org
This is a great support center for families with a child who has Down Syndrome living in Minnesota. This website has different programs available in Minnesota for these families. (Down Syndrome Association of Minnesota, 2015)
http://www.ndsccenter.org
This website is a great website for families to go to for resources and information about Down Syndrome. It has information for new and expecting parents, as well as information for once the child is born. (National Down Syndrome Congress - NDSC promote the interests of people with Down syndrome and their families through advocacy, public awareness, and information dissemination on all aspects of Down syndrome, 2013)
http://theidsc.org
This website has many resources for families to refer to when looking for information about Down Syndrome. It also list events that can be attended that are related to Down Syndrome.
(International Down Syndrome Coalition: HOME., 2015)
Children's Books:
My friend has Down Syndrome-by: Jennifer Moore-Mallinos
Our Brother has Down's Syndrome: An Introduction for Children-by: Shelley Cairo
Fasten Your Seatbelt: A Crash Course on Down Syndrome for Brothers and Sisters-by: Brian Skotko and Susan P. Levine
Gifts 2: How People with Down Syndrome Enrich the World-by: Woodbine House
In My World: Down Syndrome-by: Tiziana Vazquez and Gabriella Llano
Simulation:
Hypotonia: ask students to put oven mitts on their hands. After the students have placed the oven mitts on, ask them to remove a cap from a pen, get out paper, and write their names with their non-dominant hand. Ask the students what went through their minds as they tried to complete this task.
Speech: ask students to place a large marshmallow on their tongue (or fill their mouths with marshmallows). Once the marshmallows are placed, ask the students to talk to their neighbor and tell them something important. Ask the students how much they understood that their partner was saying.
Hearing: ask the students to place cotton balls or ear plugs in their ears and have a discussion with their neighbor. Once the students have a chance to experience the discussion for a little while, ask them how much they understood of what their neighbor was saying.
(Opening the Doors to Friendships Through Education and Peer Presentations, 2008)
Speech: ask students to place a large marshmallow on their tongue (or fill their mouths with marshmallows). Once the marshmallows are placed, ask the students to talk to their neighbor and tell them something important. Ask the students how much they understood that their partner was saying.
Hearing: ask the students to place cotton balls or ear plugs in their ears and have a discussion with their neighbor. Once the students have a chance to experience the discussion for a little while, ask them how much they understood of what their neighbor was saying.
(Opening the Doors to Friendships Through Education and Peer Presentations, 2008)
References:
"DON'T LIMIT ME!"- Powerful message from Megan with Down Syndrome. (2013, August 14). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOwDfnoek6E
Down syndrome. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20020948
Down Syndrome Association of Minnesota. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.dsamn.org
Down Syndrome Pregnancy. (2015). Retrieved from http://downsyndromepregnancy.org
Father Forced to Choose Between Wife and Newborn with Down Syndrome as Mom Abandons Baby. (2015, February 6). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3WvcU2Q5cI
Gavin, M. (2012, February 1). Down Syndrome. Retrieved from http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/genetic/down_syndrome.html
K/1st Grade Child with Down Syndrome. (2012, September 18). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFQpqigIcOY
International Down Syndrome Coalition: HOME. (2015). Retrieved from http://theidsc.org
National Down Syndrome Congress - NDSC promote the interests of people with Down syndrome and their families through advocacy, public awareness, and information dissemination on all aspects of Down syndrome. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.ndsccenter.org
National Down Syndrome Society - The National Advocate for People with Down Syndrome Since 1979. (2012, January 1). Retrieved from http://www.ndss.org
Opening the Doors to Friendships Through Education and Peer Presentations. (2008, August 27). Retrieved from http://www.kcdsg.org/files/content/DSG Peer Presentation Powerpoint [Compatibility Mode].pdf
Supporting the Student with Down Syndrome in your Classroom. (2010, July). Retrieved from http://www.kcdsg.org/files/content/Supporting the Student with Down Syndrome in Your Classroom-Teacher Manual.pdf
Tevlin, M. (2015, January 20). ALL OF ME- COVER BY MADISON TEVLIN. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NpcYnSuf_7s
What are common symptoms of Down syndrome? (2014, April 9). Retrieved from http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Pages/symptoms.aspx
Down syndrome. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20020948
Down Syndrome Association of Minnesota. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.dsamn.org
Down Syndrome Pregnancy. (2015). Retrieved from http://downsyndromepregnancy.org
Father Forced to Choose Between Wife and Newborn with Down Syndrome as Mom Abandons Baby. (2015, February 6). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3WvcU2Q5cI
Gavin, M. (2012, February 1). Down Syndrome. Retrieved from http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/genetic/down_syndrome.html
K/1st Grade Child with Down Syndrome. (2012, September 18). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFQpqigIcOY
International Down Syndrome Coalition: HOME. (2015). Retrieved from http://theidsc.org
National Down Syndrome Congress - NDSC promote the interests of people with Down syndrome and their families through advocacy, public awareness, and information dissemination on all aspects of Down syndrome. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.ndsccenter.org
National Down Syndrome Society - The National Advocate for People with Down Syndrome Since 1979. (2012, January 1). Retrieved from http://www.ndss.org
Opening the Doors to Friendships Through Education and Peer Presentations. (2008, August 27). Retrieved from http://www.kcdsg.org/files/content/DSG Peer Presentation Powerpoint [Compatibility Mode].pdf
Supporting the Student with Down Syndrome in your Classroom. (2010, July). Retrieved from http://www.kcdsg.org/files/content/Supporting the Student with Down Syndrome in Your Classroom-Teacher Manual.pdf
Tevlin, M. (2015, January 20). ALL OF ME- COVER BY MADISON TEVLIN. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NpcYnSuf_7s
What are common symptoms of Down syndrome? (2014, April 9). Retrieved from http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Pages/symptoms.aspx